Illumination: Other hints

Design

Design is alpha and omega. I usually spend about 50% of the time that goes into making a scroll deciding what it should look like. Here are a few pieces of advice:

Every document has a main point somewhere on the page. This is the place where the whole thing balances, usually where the most massive illumination is. Experience shows that the main point of balance should be somewhere in the upper part of the page. For some reasom the upper left corner is usually the best place, e.g. for an illuminated capital. There are other places that can serve as well, but it should be somewhere on the upper half. Don't put the biggest illuminations at the bottom of the page - it will look as if they've fallen down!

It's important to balance text and illuminations against each other. Just like text, illuminations can be thick and powerful or thin and oblique. If your illuminations are heavy, use a broad nib for the text so that your text also becomes powerful. Otherwise the text will be crushed by the massive visual impression of the illuminations. This works the other way around, too. An overly massive text can make small, weak illuminations look out-of-place.

Work guidelines

The primary axiom: "If anything can go wrong, it will." Reality is actively hostile to art. It's just waiting for an opportunity to destroy your scroll. Dirt, water, greasy food, children with crayons, drunken adults with wine glasses, burning candles and other destructive elements are attracted to calligraphy like flies to horse manure. Therefore you must take precautions and never give reality half a chance. Here are a few rules to help you survive.

1. Fingerprints on the writing surface are very bad, especially if they are there before you write on it. The grease and moisture from your fingers will penetrate the paper, and when you write on the fingerprint, the ink will be sucked into the polluted spot and become an ugly blob. Always have a piece of scrap paper under your hand so that you never touch the paper.

2. It is a mistake to fill ink or mix colours anywhere near where you are working. The ink bottle will fall over and spill its contents on the scroll. Or you will get ink stains on your fingers that you won't notice until you've made a large blob on the paper. Or your pen will explode - and spurt ink all over the scroll. Believe me, it will happen. Thus, go into another room when you fill ink in a fountain pen or mix colors. Wipe the pen carefully with tissue. Wash your hands and dry them meticulously before starting work. If you get ink or paint on your hands, go to the bathroom immediately and wash with warm water and soap. It's not enough to wipe your hands on a piece of tissue.

3. Roll up your sleeves.

4. Never put open ink bottles, glasses with soda pop or other fluid containers on your table. Never shake your pen near the scroll, avoid all violent movements. Don't smoke - ashes make horrible stains and fallen tobacco can set fire to the paper. Don't eat chips, peanuts or anything else that contains fat - the tiniest piece of potato chip dropped on a scroll will make a greasy spot. Don't leave anything to chance.

5. Clear the table thoroughly before work. It's very annoying when your ruler collides with a book or some other stuff that's lying around. Dust your desk while you're at it.

6. If possible, turn down the ring volume on your telephone, or put it in another room. A loud ring whilst writing can mean a twitch - and disaster.

Transport

Avoid rolling up scrolls. Once rolled they never become flat again. And if there are thick layers of paint, they may crack. Art suppliers sell large flat cases specially made for transport of art. A cheaper solution is to take a couple of large pieces of stiff cardboard and tape them together on three sides, like an envelope. One reason scrolls should not be too large is that large flat papers are difficult to transport. Anything larger than 12 x 16 inches is a major problem, especially when there is a wind. You may fly off if your scroll is too large.